Can the Eyes Help Diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease?
Posted in News Release
SAN DIEGO (Nov. 13, 2013) — An international team of researchers studying the link between vision loss and Alzheimer’s disease report that the loss of a particular layer of retinal cells not previously investigated may reveal the disease’s presence and provide a new way to track disease progression.
The researchers, from Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) and the University of Hong Kong, examined retinas from the eyes of mice genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD). They presented their findings today at Neuroscience 2013, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience.
“The retina is an extension of the brain so it makes sense to see if the same pathologic processes found in an Alzheimer’s brain are also found in the eye,” explains R. Scott Turner, MD, PhD, director of the Memory Disorders Program at GUMC and the only U.S. author on the study. “We know there’s an association between glaucoma and Alzheimer’s in that both are characterized by loss of neurons, but the mechanisms are not clear.”
Turner says many researchers increasingly view glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disorder similar to AD.
Most of the research to date examining the relationship between glaucoma and Alzheimer’s focused on the retinal ganglion cell layer, which transmits visual information via the optic nerve into the brain. Before that transmission happens, though, the retinal ganglion cells receive information from another layer in the retina called the inner nuclear layer.
In their study, the researchers looked at the thickness of the retina, including the inner nuclear layer (not previously study in this setting) and the retinal ganglion cell layer. They found a significant loss of thickness in both. The inner nuclear layer had a 37 percent loss of neurons and the retinal ganglion cell layer a 49 percent loss, compared with healthy, age-matched control mice.
In humans, the structure and thickness of the retina can be readily measured using optical coherence tomography. Turner says this new tool is increasing finding applications in research and clinical care.
“This study suggests another path forward in understanding the disease process and could lead to new ways to diagnose or predict Alzheimer’s that could be as simple as looking into the eyes,” Turner says. “Parallel disease mechanisms suggest that new treatments developed for Alzheimer’s may also be useful for glaucoma.”
Support for this research comes from the Hong Kong University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Network and from Ms. Kit Wan Chow.
The lead author of the research is R. C. Chang from the University of Hong Kong. Other authors include K. Chiu, C. K. M. Lok, Y. Matsuoka and K. F. So, all of the University of Hong Kong. The authors report having no personal financial interests related to the study.
About Georgetown University Medical Center
Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) is an internationally recognized academic medical center with a three-part mission of research, teaching and patient care (through MedStar Health). GUMC’s mission is carried out with a strong emphasis on public service and a dedication to the Catholic, Jesuit principle of cura personalis — or “care of the whole person.” The Medical Center includes the School of Medicine and the School of Nursing & Health Studies, both nationally ranked; Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, designated as a comprehensive cancer center by the National Cancer Institute; and the Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, which accounts for the majority of externally funded research at GUMC including a Clinical and Translational Science Award from the National Institutes of Health.